Secure Your Logs to the Root

Secure Your Logs Down to the root Quintessence Anx, Technical Evangelist @QuintessenceAnx DEVLIT-4020

Agenda • Introduction • Quick Concept Review • Log Management Life Cycle • Security Implications Over the Cycle • Best Practices Moving Forward • Conclusion DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3

Before I Get Started DEVLIT-4020

There will be some text heavy slides 😱📚 DEVLIT-4020

There is a link to my slides & resources at the end. DEVLIT-4020

Let’s Dive In DEVLIT-4020

A Quick Overview of Terms & Concepts DEVLIT-4020

Hash: Obscuring Data (one directional) DEVLIT-4020

Pinch of salt DEVLIT-4020

Encrypt: Obscuring Data (bi-directional) DEVLIT-4020

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) DEVLIT-4020

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) DEVLIT-4020

Try to avoid bloating the term “security” DEVLIT-4020

Different Security Objectives* • Confidentiality • Integrity • Availability • Authentication • Authorization • Non-repudiation *Not an exhaustive list DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15

Always be aware of your objective(s). DEVLIT-4020

Oh, and what do I not mean by security? DEVLIT-4020

Security through obscurity DEVLIT-4020

Because (unintended) consequences DEVLIT-4020

e.g. “They don’t know where ${X} is, right?” (Who needs consistent naming conventions anyway?) DEVLIT-4020

DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

e.g. “Key management is hard, let’s share.” (This isn’t your housemate.) DEVLIT-4020

DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

There are more, but I think you got it. DEVLIT-4020

The main event: how does this apply to logs? DEVLIT-4020

DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Do not write sensitive data to your logs DEVLIT-4020

DEVLIT-4020

What is sensitive data? DEVLIT-4020

Some Examples of Sensitive Data* • Personally identifying information (PII) • • Tax and passport IDs are high cardinality, right? Credentials, including passwords and keys • e.g. ever version control your dotfiles? • Keystrokes • Matching results by either percent (e.g. X% match on FaceID or fingerprint) or pass/fail • Financial or health data • Internal endpoints and/or IP addresses • Database queries *Not an exhaustive list DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31

Essentially, log only what you need. DEVLIT-4020

“What if I really need that sensitive data”, you ask? DEVLIT-4020

Food for thought, this is CWE-532*. So it comes up. DEVLIT-4020

Don’t ship it - log around it, e.g.: • Use a token that references the data • Use a salted or low-sodium hash • Encrypt the log and/or your data • Redact data as needed • Remember to adhere to any regulatory compliance requirements • e.g. GDPR, CCPA, PCI, HIPAA DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35

Now what to do with these logs? DEVLIT-4020

DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Batten Down the Hatches • Limit access to the log files • Limit access to the storage volume(s) they reside on • Log files should be append only • Encrypt where possible • Take a look at forward secure sealing (FSS) if you’re encrypting your logs • • i.e. how to prevent past manipulation with current keys Rotate your log files regularly DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38

DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Actually Shipping It This Time • If you are using a 3rd party / SaaS solution: • • Make sure your provider supports shippers that allow you to ship securely, e.g. over TLS / SSL via rsyslog. If using an on prem solution: • Secure your network • Ship encrypted • Limit key access to central log server DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40

DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Safe Data Use • For a SaaS solution: ensure they provide access control • For an on prem solution: ensure you have access control • • Also: limit access to the log server itself Limit / deny malformed or malicious queries • e.g. Elastic has a handy 2014 blog post (back in its youth) that explains a few ways to crash the then-current version of Elasticsearch (to help you start thinking about this topic). DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42

DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Secure Destruction • This also comes up often (CWE-117) • Ensure that locally and remotely (if using a SaaS) that data is destroyed according to relevant industry standards / procedures • e.g. CESG CPA, NIST, Cryptographic Erase • This may mean anything from wiping data to shredding physical storage, depending on your industry. • Do you need to delete or wipe? Know the difference. Use the difference. DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44

Closing Tips DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 1: Know your data DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 2: Know your infrastructure DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 3: Know your risks DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 4: Don’t apply what doesn’t apply DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 5: Trust, but verify DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 6: Use your metrics DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 7: Protect & utilize your audit trail DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 8: Use well designed alerts judiciously DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 9: Don’t be a target find help as needed DEVLIT-4020

Tip # 10: Prevention is the difference between This Is a Problem and This Is a Disaster. DEVLIT-4020

Before you go… • Security is a broad space with a lot of separate concepts • • Don’t store sensitive data … • • e.g. Authorization, Integrity, Availability, etc. … but if you do, make sure it’s obscured, e.g. via token, hash, or encryption. Know your data and your infrastructure: you need to know what tradeoffs you are making to address them later. DEVLIT-4003 DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Before you go… • Security is a broad space with a lot of separate concepts • • e.g. Authorization, Integrity, Availability, etc. Don’t store sensitive data … • … but if you do, make sure it’s obscured, e.g. via token, hash, or encryption. • Know your data and your infrastructure: you need to know what tradeoffs you are making to address them later. • For more questions: please join the WebEx room DEVLIT4020 • Help me iterate – complete the survey and tell me your thoughts! DEVLIT-4003 DEVLIT-4020 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Slides, Live Streaming, and Recordings Available on Cisco Live https://www.ciscolive.com/online References & Reading Available on Notist https://noti.st/quintessence DEVLIT-4020

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Thank you

Secure Your Logs Down to the root Quintessence Anx, Technical Evangelist @QuintessenceAnx DEVLIT-4020