Data Impact On The Environment

DATA IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT ERIK RIEDEL, PHD CHIEF ENGINEERING OFFICER FLAX COMPUTING MAY 2023 revision 7

Reduce carbon footprint Reduce cost footprint focus on efficiency & results via carbon / performance focus on efficiency & results via cost / performance scope 1 & 2 operational carbon; scope 3 embodied carbon capex, opex, people-ex

THANKS

ERIK RIEDEL AND GARTH GIBSON, “UNDERSTANDING CUSTOMER DISSATISFACTION WITH UNDERUTILIZED DISTRIBUTED FILE SERVERS” 5TH NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER CONFERENCE ON MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES. COLLEGE PARK, MD. SEPTEMBER 1996.

SCALING STORAGE

PETER CORBETT, JEAN-PIERRE PROST, CHRIS DEMETRIOU, GARTH GIBSON, ERIK RIEDEL, JIM ZELENKA, YUQUN CHEN, ED FELTEN, KAI LI, JOHN HARTMAN, LARRY PETERSON, BRIAN BERSHAD, ALEC WOLMAN, RUTH AYDT, “PROPOSAL FOR A COMMON PARALLEL FILE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING INTERFACE” TECHNICAL REPORT CMU-CS96-193. PRESENTED AT THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS (SUPERCOMPUTING ‘96). PITTSBURGH, PA. NOVEMBER 1996.

GARTH GIBSON, DAVID NAGLE, KHALIL AMIRI, JEFF BUTLER, FAY CHANG, HOWARD GOBIOFF, CHARLES HARDIN, ERIK RIEDEL, DAVID ROCHBERG, JIM ZELENKA, “A COST-EFFECTIVE, HIGH-BANDWIDTH STORAGE ARCHITECTURE” CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL SUPPORT FOR PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS (ASPLOS VIII). SAN JOSE, CA. OCTOBER 1998.

ERIK RIEDEL, GARTH GIBSON, CHRISTOS FALOUTSOS, “ACTIVE STORAGE FOR LARGE-SCALE DATA MINING AND MULTIMEDIA” 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VERY LARGE DATABASES (VLDB ‘98). NEW YORK, NY. AUGUST 1998.

OBJECTS

MIKE MESNIER, GREGORY R. GANGER, ERIK RIEDEL “OBJECT-BASED STORAGE” IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 41 (8). AUGUST 2003.

CLOUDS

ERIK RIEDEL “EFFICIENT & CONVENIENT - HOW TO BUILD BIG STORAGE AS A CLOUD”, MSST CONFERENCE PACIFIC GROVE, CA. APRIL 2012.

SCALABLE STORAGE CLOUDS

$/TB $/TB/month $

ATMOS (2008) >1,000 CUSTOMERS >1 EXABYTE DEPLOYED ECS (2013) >>1,200 CUSTOMERS >1 EXABYTE DEPLOYED ATMOS OVER $2B LIFETIME CUSTOMER REVENUE 22.7 drives/U 816x drives 4x servers 2x switches 18x cables

SOSP 2003

CARBON

natural resources carbon footprint demand growth

TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES

Technology Constantly Advances Computing Technology has advanced in leaps & bounds. hardware, software, operations, applications, methods, methodologies Makes sense to regularly consider updates & refreshes.

Slide from my PhD thesis defense in 1999 Today 100G networking PB storage THz computing TB memory

1999 2022 8,640 TB storage 480 spindles 1,152 GHz compute 122,880 GB memory 76,800 W power $650,000 cost

CIRCULAR ECONOMY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuzEMYCGeVk

$0.45 / $1 $0.35 / $1 $0.25 / $1 $1 / $1 $0.05 / $1 25,000 to 95,000 servers / month from “Open Uncomplicated” - presented at the OCP Virtual Summit in June 2020

REDUCE

Reduce carbon footprint Reduce cost footprint focus on efficiency & results via carbon / performance focus on efficiency & results via cost / performance scope 1 & 2 operational carbon; scope 3 embodied carbon capex, opex, people-ex

EXTEND

Why it works 3 years primary 3 years secondary 3 years tertiary 9 year design lifetime Recertified hardware approach – facilitate secondary and potentially tertiary use stages for technology assets in various forms

Why it works 3 years primary 3 years secondary STORAGE 9 year design lifetime 5 years primary 3 years secondary 5 years primary 3 years primary 2 yrs primary 3 years primary 4 years secondary 3 yrs secondary 4 years secondary 3 years tertiary 10-12 years In fact, anything that keeps technology running longer will be beneficial, as long as the technology is still useful for something by somebody, plus maintainable & serviceable. SO use those actual criteria to evaluate ALL technology: workload performance, ongoing maintenance complexity & ongoing service costs.

How it works (2) Step 3 - Optimize Step 2 - Quantify Step 1 - Audit Audit systems, servers, and applications. Match per-unit, perdevice carbon inventory, performance, and capacity. Report, review, and optimize - changes might be hardware, software, operations, or design. buy new hardware $$- extend life of existing hw $0 re-purpose existing hw $+ add recertified hardware $-

A WIDER LOOK

https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1048050024

GARBAGE WASTE

CLOSE THE CARBON LOOP

https://www.npr.org/transcripts/917060248 Tim & Gabe

Tim & Gabe Tradewater Refridgerant Finders

THANK YOU

Call to Action • Reach out to us to get involved • Engage us to evaluate / quantify your data center, systems, and server carbon footprints • www.flaxcomputing.com • Evaluate your own servers, share the results with us data @ flaxcomputing.com • If you have servers you don’t want any more, send to: Flax Computing, Suite A2 530 West Street Braintree, MA 02184 • If you want us to arrange a pickup instead, contact us at servers @ flaxcomputing.com Erik Riedel, PhD, Chief Engineering Officer, Flax Computing Twitter: @er1p, @RiedelAtWork email: erik @ flaxcomputing.com

CATCH US AGAIN SOON OCP REGIONAL SUMMIT – PRAGUE, CZ – 19-20 APRIL 2023 KUBECON EUROPE – AMSTERDAM, NL – 18-21 APRIL 2023 MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS & TECH – SANTA CLARA – 21-23 MAY 2023 STORAGE DEVELOPER CONFERENCE – 18-21 SEPTEMBER 2023 OCP GLOBAL SUMMIT – SAN JOSE, CA – 17-19 OCTOBER 2023 KUBECON NORTH AMERICA – CHICAGO, IL – 6-9 NOVEMBER 2023